🐍 Python Programming: Module 1 – Fundamentals

For English‑speaking students | Introduction to Input, Output, and Arithmetic

🧪 Laboratory Works (1.1 – 1.4)

Each lab assignment includes a step‑by‑step algorithm, solution code, and expected output. Max score: 1.0 per lab.

Lab 1.1 – Hello, World!

Score: 1.0

Task: Write a program that prints "Hello, World!" to the screen.

📌 Algorithm

Call the built‑in print() function.
Pass the string "Hello, World!" as an argument.
The string is displayed on the screen when the program runs.

💻 Solution Code


print("Hello, World!")

📤 Expected Output

Hello, World!

📖 Step‑by‑Step Explanation

print() is a built‑in function that displays output.
The text inside quotes "Hello, World!" is a string.
When you run the program, the text appears on the screen.

Lab 1.2 – Personalised Greeting

Score: 1.0

Task: Write a program that asks for the user's name and prints a personalised greeting.

📌 Algorithm

Prompt the user with input("Enter your name: ") and store the result in a variable name.
Use print() to display "Hello, " + name + "! Welcome to Python!".
Alternatively, use an f‑string (later topic).

💻 Solution Code


name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello, ", name + "! Welcome to Python!")

📤 Expected Output (example)

Enter your name: Alice
Hello, Alice! Welcome to Python!

📖 Step‑by‑Step Explanation

input("Enter your name: ") displays the prompt and waits for user input.
The entered text is stored in the variable name.
print() displays the greeting with the user's name.
The + operator concatenates (joins) strings.

Lab 1.3 – Sum of Two Numbers

Score: 1.0

Task: Write a program that reads two integers from the user and prints their sum.

📌 Algorithm

Read the first number using input() and convert to int.
Read the second number similarly.
Add the two numbers and store the result.
Print the sum.

💻 Solution Code


num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))
sum_result = num1 + num2
print("Sum:", sum_result)

📤 Expected Output (example)

Enter first number: 5
Enter second number: 7
Sum: 12

📖 Step‑by‑Step Explanation

input() reads a string from the user.
int() converts the string to an integer.
The two numbers are stored in num1 and num2.
num1 + num2 calculates the sum.
The result is stored in sum_result and printed.

⚠️ Common Pitfall: Forgetting to convert with int() will concatenate strings instead of adding numbers.

Lab 1.4 – Arithmetic Operations

Score: 1.0

Task: Write a program that reads two numbers and prints their sum, difference, product, and quotient.

📌 Algorithm

Read two numbers as float to allow decimals.
Compute sum, difference, product, and quotient.
Print each result with appropriate labels.

💻 Solution Code


a = float(input("Enter first number: "))
b = float(input("Enter second number: "))

print(a, "+", b, "=", a + b)
print(a, "-", b, "=", a - b)
print(a, "*", b, "=", a * b)
print(a, "/", b, "=", a / b)

📤 Expected Output (example)

Enter first number: 10
Enter second number: 3
10 + 3 = 13
10 - 3 = 7
10 * 3 = 30
10 / 3 = 3.3333333333333335

📖 Step‑by‑Step Explanation

float() is used to handle decimal numbers.
Each arithmetic operation is performed and printed.
print() with multiple arguments automatically adds spaces between them.

📘 Exercises (5–10)

Additional exercises to reinforce the concepts. Score: 0.5 each.

Exercise 5 – Using sep and end

Score: 0.5

Task: Write a program that prints the numbers 1, 2, 3 separated by " - " and ends with "!" on the same line.

📌 Algorithm

Use print() with multiple arguments 1, 2, 3.
Set sep=" - " to change the separator.
Set end="!\n" to append "!" and a newline.

💻 Code

print(1, 2, 3, sep=" - ", end="!\n")

📤 Expected Output

1 - 2 - 3!

Exercise 6 – Personal Information

Score: 0.5

Task: Ask for first name, last name, and age, then display them in a formatted sentence.

📌 Algorithm

Collect first name, last name, and age using input().
Print the sentence using multiple arguments or concatenation.

💻 Code

first_name = input("Enter first name: ")
last_name = input("Enter last name: ")
age = input("Enter age: ")
print("Hello,", first_name, last_name + "! You are", age, "years old.")

📤 Expected Output (example)

Enter first name: John
Enter last name: Smith
Enter age: 25
Hello, John Smith! You are 25 years old.

Exercise 7 – Extracting Digits

Score: 0.5

Task: Read a three‑digit number and print its digits in reverse order.

📌 Algorithm

Read the number as integer.
Extract last digit: n % 10.
Extract middle digit: (n // 10) % 10.
Extract first digit: n // 100.
Print digits in reverse order.

💻 Code

n = int(input("Enter a three-digit number: "))
last = n % 10
middle = (n // 10) % 10
first = n // 100
print("Digits in reverse:", last, middle, first)

📤 Expected Output (example)

Enter a three-digit number: 754
Digits in reverse: 4 5 7

Exercise 8 – Temperature Converter

Score: 0.5

Task: Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit using the formula: F = C * 9/5 + 32.

📌 Algorithm

Read temperature in Celsius as float.
Apply the formula.
Print both temperatures with degree symbols.

💻 Code

celsius = float(input("Enter temperature in Celsius: "))
fahrenheit = celsius * 9/5 + 32
print(celsius, "°C =", fahrenheit, "°F")

📤 Expected Output (example)

Enter temperature in Celsius: 25
25.0 °C = 77.0 °F

Exercise 9 – Rectangle Area and Perimeter

Score: 0.5

Task: Read length and width, calculate area and perimeter.

📌 Algorithm

Read length and width as float.
Area = length × width.
Perimeter = 2 × (length + width).
Print the results.

💻 Code

length = float(input("Enter length: "))
width = float(input("Enter width: "))
area = length * width
perimeter = 2 * (length + width)
print("Area:", area)
print("Perimeter:", perimeter)

📤 Expected Output (example)

Enter length: 5
Enter width: 3
Area: 15.0
Perimeter: 16.0

Exercise 10 – Swapping Variables

Score: 0.5

Task: Swap the values of two variables.

📌 Algorithm (using temporary variable)

Store original value of a in temp.
Assign b to a.
Assign temp to b.

💻 Code (Pythonic swap)

a = 5
b = 10
print("Before swap: a =", a, "b =", b)
a, b = b, a
print("After swap: a =", a, "b =", b)

📤 Expected Output

Before swap: a = 5 b = 10
After swap: a = 10 b = 5

✏️ Practice Exercises (Independent Work)

Try these on your own. Each practice includes a hint. Score: 0.5 each.

Practice 1 – Simple Greeting

Score: 0.5

Task: Print the following pattern:

****************
*  Hello World  *
****************

Hint: Use print() with * multiplication.

📖 Algorithm

Print a line of 16 asterisks.
Print a line with "* Hello World *".
Print another line of 16 asterisks.

📤 Expected Output

****************
*  Hello World  *
****************

Practice 2 – Age Calculator

Score: 0.5

Task: Ask for birth year and calculate age (assume current year = 2026).

Enter your birth year: 2000
You are 26 years old.

Hint: Use int() to convert input.

📖 Algorithm

Read birth year as integer.
Set current year = 2026.
Age = current year − birth year.
Print the age.

Practice 3 – Area of a Circle

Score: 0.5

Task: Read radius and calculate area using π = 3.14159.

Enter radius: 5
Area of circle: 78.53975

Hint: Area = π × r².

📖 Algorithm

Read radius as float.
Compute area = 3.14159 * radius ** 2.
Print the area.

Practice 4 – Celsius to Fahrenheit (with Decimals)

Score: 0.5

Task: Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit with two decimal places.

Enter temperature in Celsius: 36.6
36.60°C = 97.88°F

Hint: Use float() and f‑strings for formatting.

📖 Algorithm

Read Celsius as float.
Apply formula: F = C * 9/5 + 32.
Print both values formatted to 2 decimal places.

Practice 5 – Sum and Product of Digits

Score: 0.5

Task: Read a three‑digit number and calculate the sum and product of its digits.

Enter a three-digit number: 423
Sum of digits: 9
Product of digits: 24

Hint: Use % and // to extract digits.

📖 Algorithm

Extract hundreds, tens, and units.
Sum = d1 + d2 + d3.
Product = d1 * d2 * d3.
Print both.

Practice 6 – Seconds to Minutes and Seconds

Score: 0.5

Task: Convert seconds into minutes and remaining seconds.

Enter seconds: 125
125 seconds = 2 minutes and 5 seconds

Hint: Use // for minutes and % for remaining seconds.

📖 Algorithm

Read total seconds as integer.
Minutes = total // 60.
Remaining = total % 60.
Print the result.

Practice 7 – Rectangle Area and Perimeter (with Variables)

Score: 0.5

Task: Store length = 12 and width = 8, calculate area and perimeter, then swap values and recalculate.

Original: length = 12, width = 8
Area: 96, Perimeter: 40
After swap: length = 8, width = 12
Area: 96, Perimeter: 40

📖 Algorithm

Initialize length = 12, width = 8.
Compute and print area, perimeter.
Swap values (e.g., using tuple unpacking).
Recalculate and print again.

Practice 8 – Custom Separator

Score: 0.5

Task: Read three words and print them separated by " | " and ending with "."

Enter word 1: Python
Enter word 2: is
Enter word 3: fun
Python | is | fun.

Hint: Use sep and end parameters of print().

📖 Algorithm

Read three words using input().
Print all three with sep=" | " and end=".".

Practice 9 – Average of Three Numbers

Score: 0.5

Task: Read three numbers and calculate their average.

Enter first number: 4
Enter second number: 7
Enter third number: 10
Average: 7.0

📖 Algorithm

Read three numbers as float.
Average = (num1 + num2 + num3) / 3.
Print the average.

Practice 10 – Number Reversal

Score: 0.5

Task: Read a four‑digit number and print it in reverse order.

Enter a four-digit number: 1234
Reversed: 4321

Hint: Extract each digit using % and //.

📖 Algorithm

Extract units, tens, hundreds, thousands.
Reversed = thousands*1000 + hundreds*100 + tens*10 + units.
Print the reversed number.

🔑 Answer Key – Practice Exercises

Solutions for the independent practice exercises. Check your work after attempting them.

Practice 1 – Solution

print("*" * 16)
print("*  Hello World  *")
print("*" * 16)

Practice 2 – Solution

birth_year = int(input("Enter your birth year: "))
current_year = 2026
age = current_year - birth_year
print("You are", age, "years old.")

Practice 3 – Solution

radius = float(input("Enter radius: "))
pi = 3.14159
area = pi * radius ** 2
print("Area of circle:", area)

Practice 4 – Solution

celsius = float(input("Enter temperature in Celsius: "))
fahrenheit = celsius * 9/5 + 32
print(f"{celsius:.2f}°C = {fahrenheit:.2f}°F")

Practice 5 – Solution

n = int(input("Enter a three-digit number: "))
d1 = n // 100
d2 = (n // 10) % 10
d3 = n % 10
print("Sum of digits:", d1 + d2 + d3)
print("Product of digits:", d1 * d2 * d3)

Practice 6 – Solution

seconds = int(input("Enter seconds: "))
minutes = seconds // 60
remaining = seconds % 60
print(seconds, "seconds =", minutes, "minutes and", remaining, "seconds")

Practice 7 – Solution

length = 12
width = 8
area = length * width
perimeter = 2 * (length + width)
print("Original: length =", length, "width =", width)
print("Area:", area, "Perimeter:", perimeter)
length, width = width, length
area = length * width
perimeter = 2 * (length + width)
print("After swap: length =", length, "width =", width)
print("Area:", area, "Perimeter:", perimeter)

Practice 8 – Solution

word1 = input("Enter word 1: ")
word2 = input("Enter word 2: ")
word3 = input("Enter word 3: ")
print(word1, word2, word3, sep=" | ", end=".")

Practice 9 – Solution

num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
num3 = float(input("Enter third number: "))
average = (num1 + num2 + num3) / 3
print("Average:", average)

Practice 10 – Solution

n = int(input("Enter a four-digit number: "))
d4 = n % 10
d3 = (n // 10) % 10
d2 = (n // 100) % 10
d1 = n // 1000
print("Reversed:", d4 * 1000 + d3 * 100 + d2 * 10 + d1)